Android 1.5 is here!

I've got some good news today: the Android 1.5 SDK, release 1 is ready! Grab it from the download page.

For an overview of the new Android 1.5 features, see the 1.5 release notes page in our developer site.

I am also happy to let you know that our partners at HTC have made available new system images to upgrade your Android Dev Phone 1 (ADP1) to Android 1.5. This new version (which is only available for the ADP1) is based on the Cupcake branch from the Android Open Source Project and corresponds to the system image of the Android 1.5 SDK, release 1. If you have questions about the process of updating your device, you can ask the mailing list that we've set up.

I'd also like to note that Android developer phones like the ADP1 are intended for application development, rather than daily use. Additionally, they are operator-neutral and country-neutral, so they may not include certain features found on end-user devices.

You have read this article Android 1.5 / Android Developer Phone / Announcements / SDK updates with the title . You can bookmark this page URL https://azaquery.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html. Thanks!

Introducing GLSurfaceView

GLSurfaceView is a new API class in Android 1.5. GLSurfaceView makes OpenGL ES applications easier to write by:

• Providing the glue code to connect OpenGL ES to the View system.
• Providing the glue code to make OpenGL ES work with the Activity life-cycle.
• Making it easy to choose an appropriate frame buffer pixel format.
• Creating and managing a separate rendering thread to enable smooth animation.
• Providing easy-to-use debugging tools for tracing OpenGL ES API calls and checking for errors.

GLSurfaceView is a good base for building an application that uses OpenGL ES for part or all of its rendering. A 2D or 3D action game would be a good candidate, as would a 2D or 3D data visualization application such as Google Maps StreetView.

The Simplest GLSurfaceView Application

Here's the source code to the simplest possible OpenGL ES application:

package com.example.android.apis.graphics;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class ClearActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mGLView = new GLSurfaceView(this);
        mGLView.setRenderer(new ClearRenderer());
        setContentView(mGLView);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mGLView.onPause();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mGLView.onResume();
    }

    private GLSurfaceView mGLView;
}

class ClearRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        // Do nothing special.
    }

    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int w, int h) {
        gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    }

    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    }
}

This program doesn't do much: it clears the screen to black on every frame. But it is a complete OpenGL application, that correctly implements the Android activity life-cycle. It pauses rendering when the activity is paused, and resumes it when the activity is resumed. You could use this application as the basis for non-interactive demonstration programs. Just add more OpenGL calls to the ClearRenderer.onDrawFrame method. Notice that you don't even need to subclass the GLSurfaceView view.

Note that the GLSurfaceView.Renderer interface has three methods:

The onSurfaceCreated() method is called at the start of rendering, and whenever the OpenGL ES drawing context has to be recreated. (The drawing context is typically lost and recreated when the activity is paused and resumed.) OnSurfaceCreated() is a good place to create long-lived OpenGL resources like textures.

The onSurfaceChanged() method is called when the surface changes size. It's a good place to set your OpenGL viewport. You may also want to set your camera here, if it's a fixed camera that doesn't move around the scene.

The onDrawFrame() method is called every frame, and is responsible for drawing the scene. You would typically start by calling glClear to clear the framebuffer, followed by other OpenGL ES calls to draw the current scene.

How about User Input?

If you want an interactive application (like a game), you will typically subclass GLSurfaceView, because that's an easy way of obtaining input events. Here's a slightly longer example showing how to do that:

package com.google.android.ClearTest;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MotionEvent;

public class ClearActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mGLView = new ClearGLSurfaceView(this);
        setContentView(mGLView);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mGLView.onPause();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mGLView.onResume();
    }

    private GLSurfaceView mGLView;
}

class ClearGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView {
    public ClearGLSurfaceView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mRenderer = new ClearRenderer();
        setRenderer(mRenderer);
    }

    public boolean onTouchEvent(final MotionEvent event) {
        queueEvent(new Runnable(){
            public void run() {
                mRenderer.setColor(event.getX() / getWidth(),
                        event.getY() / getHeight(), 1.0f);
            }});
            return true;
        }

        ClearRenderer mRenderer;
}

class ClearRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        // Do nothing special.
    }

    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int w, int h) {
        gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    }

    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        gl.glClearColor(mRed, mGreen, mBlue, 1.0f);
        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    }

    public void setColor(float r, float g, float b) {
        mRed = r;
        mGreen = g;
        mBlue = b;
    }

    private float mRed;
    private float mGreen;
    private float mBlue;
}

This application clears the screen every frame. When you tap on the screen, it sets the clear color based on the (x,y) coordinates of your touch event. Note the use of queueEvent() in ClearGLSurfaceView.onTouchEvent(). The queueEvent() method is used to safely communicate between the UI thread and the rendering thread. If you prefer you can use some other Java cross-thread communication technique, such as synchronized methods on the Renderer class itself. But queueing events is often the simplest way of dealing with cross-thread communication.

Other GLSurfaceView Samples

Tired of just clearing the screen? You can find more interesting samples in the API Demos sample in the SDK. All the OpenGL ES samples have been converted to use the GLSurfaceView view:

• GLSurfaceView - a spinning triangle
• Kube - a cube puzzle demo
• Translucent GLSurfaceView - shows how to display 3D graphics on a translucent background
• Textured Triangle - shows how to draw a textured 3D triangle
• Sprite Text - shows how to draw text into a texture and then composite it into a 3D scene
• Touch Rotate - shows how to rotate a 3D object in response to user input.

Choosing a Surface

GLSurfaceView helps you choose the type of surface to render to. Different Android devices support different types of surfaces, with no common subset. This makes it tricky problem to choose the best available surface on each device. By default GLSurfaceView tries to find a surface that's as close as possible to a 16-bit RGB frame buffer with a 16-bit depth buffer. Depending upon your application's needs you may want to change this behavior. For example, the Translucent GLSurfaceView sample needs an Alpha channel in order to render translucent data. GLSurfaceView provides an overloaded setEGLSurfaceChooser() method to give the developer control over which surface type is chosen:

setEGLConfigChooser(boolean needDepth)

Choose a config that's closest to R5G6B5 with or without a 16-bit framebuffer

setEGLConfigChooser(int redSize, int greenSize,int blueSize, int alphaSize,int depthSize, int stencilSize)

Choose the config with the fewest number of bits per pixel that has at least as many bits-per-channel as specified in the constructor.

setEGLConfigChooser(EGLConfigChooser configChooser)

Allow total control over choosing a configuration. You pass in your own implementation of EGLConfigChooser, which gets to inspect the device's capabilities and choose a configuration.

Continuous Rendering vs. Render When Dirty

Most 3D applications, such as games or simulations, are continuously animated. But some 3D applications are more reactive: they wait passively until the user does something, and then react to it. For those types of applications, the default GLSurfaceView behavior of continuously redrawing the screen is a waste of time. If you are developing a reactive application, you can call GLSurfaceView.setRenderMode(RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY), which turns off the continuous animation. Then you call GLSurfaceView.requestRender() whenever you want to re-render.

Help With Debugging

GLSurfaceView has a handy built-in feature for debugging OpenGL ES applications: the GLSurfaceView.setDebugFlags() method can be used to enable logging and/or error checking your OpenGL ES calls. Call this method in your GLSurfaceView's constructor, before calling setRenderer():

public ClearGLSurfaceView(Context context) {
    super(context);
    // Turn on error-checking and logging
    setDebugFlags(DEBUG_CHECK_GL_ERROR | DEBUG_LOG_GL_CALLS);
    mRenderer = new ClearRenderer();
    setRenderer(mRenderer);
}

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Learn about Android 1.5 and more at Google I/O. Members of the Android team will be there to give a series of in-depth technical sessions and to field your toughest questions.

You have read this article Android 1.5 / OpenGL ES with the title . You can bookmark this page URL https://azaquery.blogspot.com/2009/04/introducing-glsurfaceview.html. Thanks!

Live folders

Live folders have been introduced in Android 1.5 and let you display any source of data on the Home screen without forcing the user to launch an application. A live folder is simply a real-time view of a ContentProvider. As such, a live folder can be used to display all your contacts, your bookmarks, your email, your playlists, an RSS feed, etc. The possibilities are endless! Android 1.5 ships with a few stock live folders to display your contacts. For instance, the screenshot below shows the content of the live folders that displays all my contacts with a phone number:

If a contacts sync happens in the background while I'm browsing this live folder, I will see the change happen in real-time. Live folders are not only useful but it's also very easy to modify your application to make it provider a live folder. In this article, I will show you how to add a live folder to the Shelves application. You can download its source code and modify it by following my instructions to better understand how live folders work.

To give the user the option to create a new live folder, you first need to create a new activity with an intent filter who action is android.intent.action.CREATE_LIVE_FOLDER. To do so, simply open AndroidManifest.xml and add something similar to this:

<activity
    android:name=".activity.BookShelfLiveFolder"
    android:label="BookShelf">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.CREATE_LIVE_FOLDER" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
    </intent-filter>
</activity>

The label and icon of this activity are what the user will see on the Home screen when choosing a live folder to create:

Since you just need an intent filter, it is possible, and sometimes advised, to reuse an existing activity. In the case of Shelves, we will create a new activity, org.curiouscreature.android.shelves.activity.BookShelfLiveFolder. The role of this activity is to send an Intent result to Home containing the description of the live folder: its name, icon, display mode and content URI. The content URI is very important as it describes what ContentProvider will be used to populate the live folder. The code of the activity is very simple as you can see here:

public class BookShelfLiveFolder extends Activity {
    public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://shelves/live_folders/books");

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        final Intent intent = getIntent();
        final String action = intent.getAction();

        if (LiveFolders.ACTION_CREATE_LIVE_FOLDER.equals(action)) {
            setResult(RESULT_OK, createLiveFolder(this, CONTENT_URI,
                    "Books", R.drawable.ic_live_folder));
        } else {
            setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);
        }

        finish();
    }

    private static Intent createLiveFolder(Context context, Uri uri, String name, int icon) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent();

        intent.setData(uri);
        intent.putExtra(LiveFolders.EXTRA_LIVE_FOLDER_NAME, name);
        intent.putExtra(LiveFolders.EXTRA_LIVE_FOLDER_ICON,
                Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(context, icon));
        intent.putExtra(LiveFolders.EXTRA_LIVE_FOLDER_DISPLAY_MODE, LiveFolders.DISPLAY_MODE_LIST);

        return intent;
    }
}

This activity, when invoked with theACTION_CREATE_LIVE_FOLDER intent, returns an intent with a URI, content://shelves/live_folders/books, and three extras to describe the live folder. There are other extras and constants you can use and you should refer to the documentation of android.provider.LiveFolders for more details. When Home receives this intent, a new live folder is created on the user's desktop, with the name and icon you provided. Then, when the user clicks on the live folder to open it, Home queries the content provider referenced by the provided URI.

Live folders' content providers must obey specific naming rules. The Cursor returned by the query() method must have at least two columns named LiveFolders._ID and LiveFolders.NAME. The first one is the unique identifier of each item in the live folder and the second one is the name of the item. There are other column names you can use to specify an icon, a description, the intent to associate with the item (fired when the user clicks that item), etc. Again, refer to the documentation of android.provider.LiveFolders for more details.

In our example, all we need to do is modify the existing provider in Shelves called org.curiouscreature.android.shelves.provider.BooksProvider. First, we need to modify the URI_MATCHER to recognize our content://shelves/live_folders/books content URI:

private static final int LIVE_FOLDER_BOOKS = 4;
// ...
URI_MATCHER.addURI(AUTHORITY, "live_folders/books", LIVE_FOLDER_BOOKS);

Then we need to create a new projection map for the cursor. A projection map can be used to "rename" columns. In our case, we will replace BooksStore.Book._ID, BooksStore.Book.TITLE and BooksStore.Book.AUTHORS with LiveFolders._ID, LiveFolders.TITLE and LiveFolders.DESCRIPTION:

private static final HashMap LIVE_FOLDER_PROJECTION_MAP;
static {
    LIVE_FOLDER_PROJECTION_MAP = new HashMap();
    LIVE_FOLDER_PROJECTION_MAP.put(LiveFolders._ID, BooksStore.Book._ID +
            " AS " + LiveFolders._ID);
    LIVE_FOLDER_PROJECTION_MAP.put(LiveFolders.NAME, BooksStore.Book.TITLE +
            " AS " + LiveFolders.NAME);
    LIVE_FOLDER_PROJECTION_MAP.put(LiveFolders.DESCRIPTION, BooksStore.Book.AUTHORS +
            " AS " + LiveFolders.DESCRIPTION);
}

Because we are providing a title and a description for each row, Home will automatically display each item of the live folder with two lines of text. Finally, we implement the query() method by supplying our projection map to the SQL query builder:

public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {

    SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();

    switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)) {
        // ...
        case LIVE_FOLDER_BOOKS:
            qb.setTables("books");
            qb.setProjectionMap(LIVE_FOLDER_PROJECTION_MAP);
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
    }

    SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
    Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, BooksStore.Book.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
    c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);

    return c;
}

You can now compile and deploy the application, go to the Home screen and try to add a live folder. I added a books live folder to my Home screen and when I open it, I can see the list of all of my books, with their titles and authors, and all it took was a few lines of code:

The live folders API is extremely simple and relies only on intents and content URI. If you want to see more examples of live folders implementation, you can read the source code of the Contacts application and of the Contacts provider.

You can also download the result of our exercise, the modified version of Shelves with live folders support.

---

Learn about Android 1.5 and more at Google I/O. Members of the Android team will be there to give a series of in-depth technical sessions and to field your toughest questions.

You have read this article Android 1.5 / How-to / User Interface with the title . You can bookmark this page URL https://azaquery.blogspot.com/2009/04/live-folders.html. Thanks!